Hemorragia subconjuntival
PERROS
Vet Ophthalmol . 2006 May-Jun;9(3):169-73.
doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00464.x.
Leptospirosis and panuveitis in a dog
Wendy M Townsend 1, Jean Stiles, Sheryl G Krohne
Abstract
A case of panuveitis as a result of leptospiral infection in an 8-year-old Jack Russell Terrier is reported. Mild hyphema, aqueous flare, and partial serous retinal detachments were noted in both eyes on initial ophthalmic examination. The serum microscopic agglutination testing for Leptospira serovarieties revealed titers of 1 : 12 800 for Leptospira canicola and 1 : 200 for Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae. With medical therapy, the panuveitis resolved and functional vision was regained. Four weeks after the initial presentation, convalescent titers were 1 : 200 for L. canicola and 1 : 100 for L. icterohemorrhagiae. The incidence of leptospirosis, along with difficulties diagnosing, and current medical therapies for this disease are also discussed.
LEPTOSPIROSIS OCULAR EN NUEVA ZELANDA
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1999 Dec;27(6):380-6.
doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00269.x.
Clinical aspects of ocular leptospirosis in New Caledonia (South Pacific)
E Mancel 1, F Merien, L Pesenti, D Salino, G Angibaud, P Perolat
Affiliations Expand
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of leptospirosis is very high in New Caledonia (average annual incidence rate: 180/100 000 of the population). To investigate the role of pathogenic leptospires as an aetiological agent of ocular diseases, we report the results of a 5-year survey in New Caledonia.
Methods: We reviewed 13 patients (corresponding to 17 investigated pathologic eyes) retrospectively. The selection of patients was based on epidemiological data, initial clinical examination, biological confirmation of leptospirosis according to reference procedures and a specific polymerase chain reaction assay. The anatomic criteria of uveitis and the criteria describing the evolution of the disease were those recommended by the International Uveitis Study Group.
Results: Consequent rates of optic neuritis (65%), posterior uveitis (35%), secluded pupil (24%), interstitial keratitis (18%) and pars planitis (12%) were found. Our rates of recurrence (46%) and of ophthalmic complications (82%) were substantial; some symptoms indicated brain involvement.The final visual damage was severe in 35% of eyes.
Conclusions: Microagglutination and polymerase chain reaction hybridization are complementary tests for the diagnosis of Leptospira-induced ophthalmic lesions. Before deciding on treatment, one must consider the ability of virulent leptospires to persist in immunologically privileged sites such as aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid and eukaryotic cells. Polymerase chain reaction is a useful tool for the diagnosis of Leptospira-induced ocular complications, which are probably misdiagnosed if based only on routine laboratory tests. It enables early diagnosis and early specific treatment that now consists of quinolone and cyclines.
LEPTOSPIROSIS OCULAR EN UN NIÑO
ABSTRACT
Purpose
To report a challenging case of serologically confirmed posterior uveitis due to leptospirosis.
Methods
Review of medical records
Results
Thirteen-year-old boy presented focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis after flood exposure. Laboratory work-up confirmed leptospirosis infection and proper antibiotic treatment was done. The patient evolved well. but during late follow-up he developed nummular keratitis.
Conclusion
Leptospirosis is a possible etiology of necrotizing posterior uveitis. The use of antimicrobial therapy is controversial but was used in this case, in association with corticosteroids, leading to resolution of retinal inflammation. Despite treatment, the patient developed late corneal opacities, which did not lead to visual impairment.
EN EQUINOS
Vet Microbiol. 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):61-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.04.012. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
Leptospirosis ocular en caballos
Ashutosh Verma 1, Brian Stevenson, Ben Adler
Affiliations Expand
Abstract
Leptospirosis in horses has been considered a relatively uncommon infection. However, recent data suggest that the infection is widespread, with the incidence and infecting serovars varying considerably in different geographical regions. The majority of infections remain asymptomatic. Clinical signs in equine leptospirosis resemble those seen in other animal species. However, leptospirosis as a cause of acute respiratory distress is becoming more frequently recognised. A particular feature of equine leptospirosis is post infection recurrent uveitis (moon blindness or periodic ophthalmia), which appears to be mediated by autoimmune mechanisms involving cross reactivity between ocular tissues and leptospiral membrane proteins. There are no leptospiral vaccines licensed for use in horses, with no prospect for any becoming available in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, prevention of equine leptospirosis must rely on good hygiene practices, minimisation of rodent contact, and vaccination of other species of production and companion animals.
Keywords: Horses; Leptospirosis; Pathogenesis; Uveitis.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1999 Oct-Nov;112(10-11):390-3.
[35 leptospira isolated from the vitreous body of 32 horses with recurrent uveitis (ERU)]
[Article in German]
S Brem 1, H Gerhards, B Wollanke, P Meyer, H Kopp
Abstract
130 vitreous samples, systematically collected in 1998 from 117 horses during vitrectomy, were cultured for the presence of leptospires. All horses suffered from equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), also known as periodic ophthalmia or moon blindness, and were treated surgically to combat painful attacks, and to preserve vision. In 35 out of 130 vitreous samples (35/130 = 26.9%), leptospires could be isolated. These isolates belong to the grippotyphosa serogroup (n = 31) and to the australis serogroup (n = 4). So, for the first time, leptospires were recovered from eyes in vivo in a large number of horses with ERU. Vitreous samples and one serum sample from each horse were also tested for leptospiral antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). In 92 vitreous samples (92/130 = 70.7%) and 96 serum samples (96/117 = 82.0%) leptospiral antibodies were detected at a dilution of > 1:100. The presence of intact leptospires and specific antibodies in eyes affected with ERU demonstrates a local antibody production to leptospiral antigen. These results indicate an important etiological role of leptospires in equine recurrent uveitis.
Tierarztl Prax. 1990 Dec;18(6):623-7.
[Etiology and occurrence of periodic eye inflammation of horses in the area of Berlin]
[Article in German]
Affiliations Expand
- PMID: 2080508
Abstract
Over 130 cases of equine periodic ophthalmia (p.o.), which were treated as in-patients at the Equine Clinic of the Free University of Berlin in the last 35 years, were examined statistically in relation to the age and gender of the animals involved as well as to the development of the illness and the season in which it arose. As regards aetiology, the extraction of 71 affected Trotters was investigated. Antibodies to toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and intestinal parasites were found only in some of the patients. Younger animals, aged between one and four years, and male animals (63.6%) were predominantly affected. The results of the examinations of faeces showed no correlation between cases of p.o. and a vermination of the horses. The examinations for antibodies to toxoplasmosis gave no indication of a participation of the toxoplasmas in the aetiology of recurrent uveitis. In contrast, the results of the examinations for antibodies to leptospirosis, of which 58.8% were positive, showed a seven to ten times higher infection than in healthy horses in Berlin. Breed analysis showed that in certain breeds of Trotters and warm-blooded horses, p.o. illnesses were frequent, supporting the hypothesis that the occurrence of p.o. is due to a hereditary, allergic reaction, triggered by various factors, in particular an infection without clinical signs.
